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Financing of the Export Contract
Gazdaricová, Jana ; Mlejnek, Milan (referee) ; Zeman, Václav (advisor)
This thesis deals with the possibilities of financing export contract in the company. The theoretical part provides an insight into the opportunities that companies currently have in financing their activities. There is an overview of the various forms of internal and external financing and their basic characteristics. The practical part is focused on a specific business case and options for financing various parts of the contract. The conclusion provides a comprehensive overview of the variations, their comparisons and recommendations of the best one from the complex perspective.
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Secure Implementation of Blockchain Technology
Kovář, Adam ; Fujdiak, Radek (referee) ; Malina, Lukáš (advisor)
This thesis describes basis of blockchain technology implementation for SAP Cloud platform with emphasis to security and safety of critical data which are stored in blockchain. This diploma thesis implements letter of credit to see and control business process administration. It also compares all the possible technology modification. Thesis describes all elementary parts of software which are necessary to implement while storing data and secure integrity. This thesis also leverages ideal configuration of each programable block in implementation. Alternative configurations of possible solutions are described with pros and cons as well. Another part of diploma thesis is actual working implementation as a proof of concept to cover letter of credit. All parts of code are design to be stand alone to provide working concept for possible implementation and can source as a help to write productive code. User using this concept will be able to see whole process and create new statutes for whole letter of credit business process.
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Secure Implementation of Blockchain Technology
Kovář, Adam ; Fujdiak, Radek (referee) ; Malina, Lukáš (advisor)
This thesis describes basis of blockchain technology implementation for SAP Cloud platform with emphasis to security and safety of critical data which are stored in blockchain. This diploma thesis implements letter of credit to see and control business process administration. It also compares all the possible technology modification. Thesis describes all elementary parts of software which are necessary to implement while storing data and secure integrity. This thesis also leverages ideal configuration of each programable block in implementation. Alternative configurations of possible solutions are described with pros and cons as well. Another part of diploma thesis is actual working implementation as a proof of concept to cover letter of credit. All parts of code are design to be stand alone to provide working concept for possible implementation and can source as a help to write productive code. User using this concept will be able to see whole process and create new statutes for whole letter of credit business process.
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The letter of credit contract and the collection contract
Chabr, Jan ; Liška, Petr (advisor) ; Elek, Štefan (referee)
The letter of credit contract and the collection contract The diploma thesis deals with the topic of the Direct Debit Contract and the Letter of Credit. A Letter of Credit is a special payment instrument issued as a rule by a bank that the principal has undertaken to pay to the person in whose interest the Letter of Credit is open and designated as the authorized amount up to the amount agreed. The Direct Debit is the commitment of the collector of receivables to obtain from the third party a receipt of a sum of money or other Direct Debit. Current legislation, contained in the Civil Code, took over the legal regulation of the Letter of Credit and the Direct Debit from the Commercial Code without any major changes. Both institutes show a number of identical and different elements. From a practical point of view, it is not possible to look for serious application problems in the Letter of Credit or Direct Debit. Keywords: Letter of Credit, Direct Debit, Banking, Bank, Payment Instruments, The Collection Contract
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Prevention of Risks in International Trade
Punčochářová, Hana ; Sato, Alexej (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
Doing business is always accompanied by risks. International trade usually brings new types of risk or at least increases the frequency and intensity of the current ones. The main objective of this thesis is to identify the risks that may arrise for Czech exporters in international operations and to present the possibilities of risk management (especially management of credit and country risk). The thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter provides a classification of risks. The second one describes phases of international business operations and provides a detailed explanation of selected instruments (bank guarantees, letters of credit, insurance, purchase of receivables etc.). Last chapter consists of two business cases inspired by contracts of Solar Turbines.
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Bank risk mitigating tools in international trade
Klarová, Diana ; Halík, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Vyhnánek, Radim (referee)
This thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and analytical. In the theoretical part, there are defined groups of risks related to doing business internationally and selected bank risk mitigating tools used as a protection against the risks mentioned. Specifically, there are discussed the most used types of bank guarantees, documentary collection and letter of credit. The second part of this thesis, analytical part, comprises of five business cases presenting adequate application of a bank guarantee instrument. Complex business case follows where various risks are analyzed from many angles. Analysis outcome is a recommendation of optimal business solution using a combination of various Trade Finance products.
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Documentary payment relations
Švejda, Jan ; Sato, Alexej (advisor) ; Křenková, Eva (referee)
Payment relations are an important part of international commerce and their constant evolution is vital. Digitalization in this regard has the potential to fundamentally change the payment relations by increasing its efficiency. This in result would mean a reduction of costs related to payment operations. This thesis considers if electronic payment methods, above all Bank Payment Obligation, will substitute traditional documentary instruments like letter of credit or bank guarantee. The thesis found certain barriers to the full utilization of digitalization of payment operations and the main conclusion is, that in the European Union and the Czech Republic traditional instruments will not be replaced in the near future.
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The impact of Basel III on trade finance
Malešová, Jana ; Teplý, Petr (advisor) ; Žigraiová, Diana (referee)
The thesis focuses on the impact of the banking regulation Basel III on bank-intermediated trade finance. The theoretical part of the thesis explains details of Basel III requirements, history of Basel Accords and their future in the form of Basel IV, characteristics of trade finance products and of the whole industry. Trade finance industry voiced worries about the negative effect that these new requirements might have on trade finance business. The thesis estimates determinants of bank-intermediated trade finance and includes a regulatory variable. We use trade finance data from the Czech Republic and Hong Kong in 2000−2014 and from India in 2007−2014. A negative effect of Basel III on trade finance growth is found using pooled OLS regression. Contrary to previous research, we also estimate a negative coefficient of banks' capital to assets ratios. To the best of our knowledge, the thesis provides the first empirical analysis of the impact of Basel III on trade finance. Trade finance research usually focuses more on the relationship of trade finance and trade flows and the thesis provides an extensive literature summary of this topic. The final part of the thesis contrasts different levels of risk of trade finance and shows that the imputed low-riskiness does not apply to the Czech data.
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Financing of the Export Contract
Gazdaricová, Jana ; Mlejnek, Milan (referee) ; Zeman, Václav (advisor)
This thesis deals with the possibilities of financing export contract in the company. The theoretical part provides an insight into the opportunities that companies currently have in financing their activities. There is an overview of the various forms of internal and external financing and their basic characteristics. The practical part is focused on a specific business case and options for financing various parts of the contract. The conclusion provides a comprehensive overview of the variations, their comparisons and recommendations of the best one from the complex perspective.
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Payment and hedging instruments in international trade and their comparison on Czech banking market
Kolářová, Tereza ; Němečková, Iveta (advisor) ; Hinčica, Vít (referee)
This thesis is devoted to analysis of payment and hedging instruments used in international trade. The main purpose of this thesis is comparison of charges associated with the use of Documentary Collection, Letter of Credit and Bank Guarantee in the five largest Czech banks. The first part briefly describes their basic characteristics, the main advantages and disadvantages and also the situations in which it is appropriate to use these instruments. The third part is focused on analysis of trends in the use of these instruments for trade finance, as well as the use of Documentary Collection and Letter of Credit in various regions of the world. The last part is devoted to the comparison of charges associated with these instruments in selected banks, firstly in general and then on illustrative examples.
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